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Due to the longer auto-ignition time with liquid fuels compared with hydrogen, the understanding of interaction of shock waves with sprays and the subsequent vapor mixing is significant to design ramjets/scramjets with liquid fuel sprays. In this study, an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework is developed based on the OpenFOAM platform. In this solver, detailed multi-component transport models for Eulerian gas-phase species properties are included. In addition, Lagrangian spray break-up, atomization and evaporation models are added to simulate liquid phase. In addition, an equilibrium wall function is added to model the near-wall properties. The newly developed solver is used to conduct large eddy simulations (LES) on non-reactive liquid jets in supersonic crossflow (JISCF) with liquid sprays. The liquid penetration length are compared with the experimental data, showing a very good agreement. Effects of evaporation and fuel properties (e.g., heat capacity and enthalpy of evaporation) on penetration length, temperature, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and volumetric parcel flux are discussed in this study. It is shown that evaporation effects primarily show up in the temperature field. For n-heptane sprays, such impact could be conducted to other properties of the flow field like spray plume size, particle size distribution and volumetric flux, which is caused by the smaller enthalpy of evaporation and heat capacity comparing to water. Full version of this paper has been published as a journal article: Shufan Zou, Dezhi Zhou, Suo Yang, “Effects of Evaporation and Fuel Properties on Liquid Jets in Supersonic Crossflow: a Computational study using a compressible Eulerian-Lagrangian solver”, Atomization and Sprays 30 (9) (2020) 675-696. https://doi.org/10.1615/AtomizSpr.2020034860 

Understandings on soot formation and evolution in pressurized flames are of significant interest due to the increasing operating pressures in different combustors and the accompanying increased soot emissions. In this study, a series of pressurized turbulent sooting flames at 1 bar, 3 bar and 5 bar, are simulated to study the pressure effect on the soot formation and evolution. The inflow conditions are chosen such that the Reynolds number at different pressures keeps constant. Via a Radiation Flamelet Progress Variable (RFPV) approach with a conditional soot sub-filter Probability Density Function (PDF) to consider the turbulence-chemistry-soot interaction, quantitatively good agreements (e.g., maximum discrepancy within one order of magnitude) are achieved for soot volume fraction predictions compared with the experimental data at different pressures. Soot volume fraction source terms are then discussed to show the pressure effect on nucleaion, condensation, surface growth and oxidation at different axial positions in these flames.